Product Information
Registration Status: ActiveSIN12168P
ALL CLEAR EYE DROPS is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 2003-01-16. It is marketed by BAUSCH & LOMB (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN12168P.
This product contains Naphazoline 0.012%, and Polyethylene Glycol 300 0.2% in the form of SOLUTION. It is approved for OPHTHALMIC use.
This product is manufactured by BAUSCH & LOMB PHARMACEUTICALS INC in UNITED STATES.
It is an Over-the-counter Medicine that can be freely obtained from any retailer
Product Reference
Important Note: For generic product, the SPC/PIL provided may not be brand specific.
{{/items}} {{^items}}Description
Naphazoline is a rapid acting sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor of occular artierioles. It acts to decrease congestion of the conjunctiva and is found in many over-the-counter eye drops.
Indication
Naphazoline is primarily indicated in conditions like Corneal vascularity, Hyperaemia, Itching, Nasal congestion, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Sinusitis
Mechanism of Action
Naphazoline is a direct acting sympathomimetic drug, which acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa. This activates the adrenal system to yield systemic vasoconstrction. In producing vasoconstriction, the result is a decrease in blood flow in the nasal passages and consequently decreased nasal congestion. The vasoconstriction means that there is less pressure in the capillaries and less water can filter out, thus less discharge is made.
Toxicity
Extended usage of Naphazoline can result in decreased effectiveness or a build up of tolerance against the drug. The number of receptors decreases, and when the administration of the drug is ceased, chronic congestion can occur; this is called rhinitis medicamentosa, commonly referred to as rebound congestion. Moreover long-term overdosing can cause degenerative changes in nasal mucous membranes that pose another health problem.
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
Nafazolin | Naphazoline |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
Polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300) is a water-miscible polyether with an average molecular weight of 300 g/mol. It is a clear viscous liquid at room temperature with non-volatile, stable properties [A33116]. Polyethylene glycols are widely used in biochemistry, structural biology, and medicine in addition to pharmaceutical and chemical industries. They serve as solubilizers, excipients, lubricants, and chemical reagents. Low molecular weight glycols are observed to exhibit antibacterial properties as well. PEG 300 is found in eye drops as a lubricant to temporarily relieve redness, burning and irritation of the eyes.
Indication
Indicated as a lubricant in over-the-counter ophthalmic solutions to temporarily relieve redness, burning and irritation of the eyes.
Mechanism of Action
Due to their physical properties, PEG acts as a surfactant by coating the eye. It provides lubrication and surface protection in dry eyes.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- PEGs can be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration with the fraction absorbed being dependent on the molecular weight of the compound [A33116]. It is likely to display minimal absorption through the intact skin, but may penetrate through injured skin with compromised barrier function [A33116].
- Distribution
- No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Metabolism
- Proportion of absorbed PEGs may be metabolized to lower oligomers, glycolic acid, hydroxyglycolic acids and the diglycolic acids homologs, carbon dioxide that is exhaled, and to a minor extent, oxalic acid [A33116].
- Elimination
Clearance
No pharmacokinetic data available.
Toxicity
Oral LD50 in rat and mouse are 27500 mg/kg and 31000 mg/kg, respectively [MSDS]. Dermal LD50 is reported to be 20000 mg/kg in rabbit [MSDS]. PEGs and their derivatives are not known to cause ocular and dermal irritation, and are associated with low acute and chronic toxicities [A33116].
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
Macrogol 300 | PEG 300 | PEG-6 | Polyethylene glycol 300 |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.