Product Information
Registration Status: ActiveTETRASPAN SOLUTION FOR INFUSION 6% is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 2011-09-21. It is marketed by B. BRAUN SINGAPORE PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN14017P.
This product contains Calcium Chloride 0.3675g/1000ml,Hydroxyethyl Starch (Poly (O-2-Hydroxyl Starch)) 60g/1000ml,L-Malic Acid 0.671g/1000ml,Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate 0.2033g/1000ml,Potassium Chloride 0.2984g/1000ml,Sodium Chloride 6.252g/1000ml, and Sodium Acetate 3.266g/1000ml in the form of INFUSION, SOLUTION. It is approved for INTRAVENOUS use.
This product is manufactured by B.Braun Medical AG in SWITZERLAND.
It is an Over-the-counter Medicine that can be freely obtained from any retailer
Description
Calcium chloride is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine. It is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. It is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide. It has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in cement. It can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the Solvay process. Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers.
Indication
For the treatment of hypocalcemia in those conditions requiring a prompt increase in blood plasma calcium levels, for the treatment of magnesium intoxication due to overdosage of magnesium sulfate, and used to combat the deleterious effects of hyperkalemia as measured by electrocardiographic (ECG), pending correction of the increased potassium level in the extracellular fluid.
Mechanism of Action
Calcium chloride in water dissociates to provide calcium (Ca2+) and chloride (Cl-) ions. They are normal constituents of the body fluids and are dependent on various physiological mechanisms for maintenance of balance between intake and output. For hyperkalemia, the influx of calcium helps restore the normal gradient between threshold potential and resting membrane potential.
Toxicity
Too rapid injection may produce lowering of blood pressure and cardiac syncope. Persistent hypercalcemia from overdosage of calcium is unlikely because of rapid excretion.
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
Calcium chloride anhydrous | Calcium chloride, anhydrous | calcium(2+) chloride | Calcium Chloride |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
A white crystal or crystalline powder used as an electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers and explosives.
Indication
For use as an electrolyte replenisher and in the treatment of hypokalemia.
Mechanism of Action
Supplemental potassium in the form of high potassium food or potassium chloride may be able to restore normal potassium levels.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Potassium is a normal dietary constituent and under steady-state conditions the amount of potassium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine.
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Elimination
Toxicity
The administration of oral potassium salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for potassium rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired, of if potassium is administered too rapidly intravenously, potentially fatal hyperkalemia can result. It is important to recognize that hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic and may be manifested only by an increased serum potassium concentration (6.5-8.0 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T-waves, loss of P-wave, depression of S-T segment, and prolongation of the QT interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9-12 mEq/L).
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
[KCl] | Chlorid draselny | Chloride of potash | Kaliumchlorid | KCl | Monopotassium chloride | Muriate of potash | Sylvite | Potassium Chloride |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. It is listed on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines.
Indication
This intravenous solution is indicated for use in adults and pediatric patients as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration. Also, designed for use as a diluent and delivery system for intermittent intravenous administration of compatible drug additives.
Mechanism of Action
Sodium and chloride — major electrolytes of the fluid compartment outside of cells (i.e., extracellular) — work together to control extracellular volume and blood pressure. Disturbances in sodium concentrations in the extracellular fluid are associated with disorders of water balance.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Absorption of sodium in the small intestine plays an important role in the absorption of chloride, amino acids, glucose, and water. Chloride, in the form of hydrochloric acid (HCl), is also an important component of gastric juice, which aids the digestion and absorption of many nutrients.
- Distribution
- The volume of distribution is 0.64 L/kg.
- Metabolism
- The salt that is taken in to gastro intestinal tract remains for the most part unabsorbed as the liquid contents pass through the stomach and small bowel. On reaching the colon this salt, together with the water is taken in to the blood. As excesses are absorbed the kidney is constantly excreting sodium chloride, so that the chloride level in the blood and tissues remains fairly constant.Further more, if the chloride intake ceases, the kidney ceases to excrete chlorides. Body maintains an equilibrium retaining the 300gm of salt dissolved in the blood and fluid elements of the tissue dissociated into sodium ions and chloride ions.
- Elimination
Toxicity
The rare inadvertent intravascular administration or rapid intravascular absorption of hypertonic sodium chloride can cause a shift of tissue fluids into the vascular bed, resulting in hypervolemia, electrolyte disturbances, circulatory failure, pulmonary embolism, or augmented hypertension. ( toxnet)
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
Sodium Chloride | Sodium Chloride |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
Sodium Acetate is chemically designated CH3COONa, a hygroscopic powder very soluble in water. Sodium acetate could be used as additives in food, industry, concrete manufacture, heating pads and in buffer solutions. Medically, sodium acetate is important component as an electrolyte replenisher when given intravenously. It is mainly indicated to correct sodium levels in hyponatremic patients. It can be used also in metabolic acidosis and for urine alkalinization.
Indication
Injection, USP 40 mEq is indicated as a source of sodium, for addition to large volume intravenous fluids to prevent or correct hyponatremia in patients with restricted or no oral intake. It is also useful as an additive for preparing specific intravenous fluid formulas when the needs of the patient cannot be met by standard electrolyte or nutrient solutions. Sodium acetate and other bicarbonate precursors are alkalinising agents, and can be used to correct metabolic acidosis, or for alkalinisation of the urine.
Mechanism of Action
It works as a source of sodium ions especially in cases of hyponatremic patients. Sodium has a primary role in regulating extracellular fluid volume. It controls water distribution, fluid and electrolyte balance and the osmotic pressure of body fluids. Sodium is also involved in nerve conduction, muscle contraction, acid-base balance and cell nutrient uptake.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- It is readily available in the circulation after IV administration.
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- In liver, sodium acetate is being metabolized into bicarbonate. To form bicarbonate, acetate is slowly hydrolyzed to carbon dioxide and water, which are then converted to bicarbonate by the addition of a hydrogen ion.
- Elimination
Toxicity
LD50: 25956 mg/kg (Rat.)
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
acetic acid, sodium salt | Acetic acid, sodium salt (1:1) | anhydrous sodium acetate | Natriumazetat | Sodium acetate anhydrous | Sodium acetate, anhydrous | Sodium acetate,anhydrous | Sodium acetate |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.