Product Information
Registration Status: ActiveMUCOLEXIN PEDIATRIC SYRUP is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 1989-05-22. It is marketed by FAR EAST DRUG COMPANY PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN02871P.
This product contains Dextromethorphan 5mg/5ml,Guaiphenesin 50mg/5ml, and Sodium Citrate 150mg/5ml in the form of SYRUP. It is approved for ORAL use.
This product is manufactured by UNITED LABORATORIES INC in PHILIPPINES.
It is a Pharmacy Only Medicine that can be obtained from a pharmacist at a retail pharmacy.
Description
The d-isomer of the codeine analog of levorphanol. Dextromethorphan shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used antitussives, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity. [PubChem]
Indication
For treatment and relief of dry cough.
Mechanism of Action
Dextromethorphan is an opioid-like drug that binds to and acts as antagonist to the NMDA glutamatergic receptor, it is an agonist to the opioid sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors, it is also an alpha3/beta4 nicotinic receptor antagonist and targets the serotonin reuptake pump. Dextromethorphan is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, where it enters the bloodstream and crosses the blood-brain barrier. The first-pass through the hepatic portal vein results in some of the drug being metabolized into an active metabolite of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, the 3-hydroxy derivative of dextromethorphan.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Hepatic. Rapidly and extensively metabolized to dextrorphan (active metabolite). One well known metabolic catalyst involved is a specific cytochrome P450 enzyme known as 2D6, or CYP2D6.
- Elimination
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
(+)-dextromethorphan | D-methorphan | delta-Methorphan | Dex | Dextromethorfan | Dextromethorphan | Dextrométhorphane | Dextromethorphanum | Dextrometorfano | DM | Dextromethorphan |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations. [PubChem]
Indication
Used to assist the expectoration of phlegm from the airways in acute respiratory tract infections.
Mechanism of Action
Guaifenesin may act as an irritant to gastric vagal receptors, and recruit efferent parasympathetic reflexes that cause glandular exocytosis of a less viscous mucus mixture. Cough may be provoked. This combination may flush tenacious, congealed mucopurulent material from obstructed small airways and lead to a temporary improvement in dyspnea or the work of breathing.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Rapidly hydrolyzed (60% within seven hours) and then excreted in the urine, with beta-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-lactic acid as its major urinary metabolite.
- Elimination
Toxicity
LD50 1510 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
Glyceryl guaiacolate | guaiphenesin | Hustosil | Guaifenesin |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
Sodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid. It is white, crystalline powder or white, granular crystals, slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in alcohol. Like citric acid, it has a sour taste. From the medical point of view, it is used as alkalinizing agent. It works by neutralizing excess acid in the blood and urine. It has been indicated for the treatment of metabolic acidosis.
Indication
Used as an anticoagulant during plasmophoresis as well as a neutralizing agent in the treatment of upset stomach and acidic urine [FDA Label] [L788] [L789].
Mechanism of Action
Citrate chelates free calcium ions preventing them from forming a complex with tissue factor and coagulation factor VIIa to promote the activation of coagulation factor X [A19410] [A19411]. This inhibits the extrinsic initiation of the coagulation cascade. Citrate may also exert an anticoagulant effect via a so far unknown mechanism as restoration of calcium concentration does not fully reverse the effect of citrate [A19410]. Citrate is a weak base and so reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to raise the pH. It it further metabolized to bicarbonate which then acts as a systemic alkalizing agent, raising the pH of the blood and urine [L790]. It also acts as a diuretic and increases the urinary excretion of calcium.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Tmax of 98-130min [A19414].
- Distribution
- 19-39L [A19414].
- Metabolism
- Citrate is metabolized to bicarbonate in the liver and plays a role as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle [A19419] [L795].
- Elimination
Clearance
Total clearance of 313-1107mL/min [A19414].
Toxicity
Overdose toxicity is mainly due to alkalosis as well as tetany or depressed heart function due to lack of free calcium [L790].
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
Sodium citrate anhydrous | Sodium citrate, anhydrous | trisodium citrate anhydrous | Trisodium citrate, anhydrous | Sodium Citrate |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.