Product Information
Registration Status: ActivePOLARINE SYRUP is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 1989-05-31. It is marketed by SUNWARD PHARMACEUTICAL PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN03182P.
This product contains Dexchlorpheniramine 2mg/5ml, and Pseudoephedrine 30mg/5ml in the form of SYRUP. It is approved for ORAL use.
This product is manufactured by SUNWARD PHARMACEUTICAL PRIVATE LIMITED in SINGAPORE, andSUNWARD PHARMACEUTICAL SDN BHD in MALAYSIA.
It is a Pharmacy Only Medicine that can be obtained from a pharmacist at a retail pharmacy.
Description
Dexchlorpheniramine is the S-enantiomer of chlorpheniramine which is a 1st generation anti-histamine. Dexchlorpheniramine has more pharmacological activity than the R and so is more potent than the racemic mixture.
Indication
Dexchlorpheniramine can be used in the treatment of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhiniti, allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, mild uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria and angioedema, amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma, and dermographism.
Mechanism of Action
Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract. Dexchlorpheniramine is the predominant active isomer of chlorpheniramine and is approximately twice as active as the racemic compound.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Oral bioavailability in rats 40.5%
- Distribution
- 321L
- Metabolism
- Hepatic metabolism. Major metabolism by CYP 2D6 and minor metabolism by 3A4, 2C11 and 2B1.
- Elimination
Clearance
9.8L/h
Toxicity
Central nervous system depression
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
Dexchlorpheniramine maleate | Dexchlorpheniramine maleate |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
An alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.
Indication
For the treatment of nasal congestion, sinus congestion, Eustachian tube congestion, and vasomotor rhinitis, and as an adjunct to other agents in the optimum treatment of allergic rhinitis, croup, sinusitis, otitis media, and tracheobronchitis. Also used as first-line therapy of priapism.
Mechanism of Action
Pseudoephedrine acts directly on both alpha- and, to a lesser degree, beta-adrenergic receptors. Through direct action on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa of the respiratory tract, pseudoephedrine produces vasoconstriction. Pseudoephedrine relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta2-adrenergic receptors. Like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine releasing norepinephrine from its storage sites, an indirect effect. This is its main and direct mechanism of action. The displaced noradrenaline is released into the neuronal synapse where it is free to activate the postsynaptic adrenergic receptors.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Pseudoephedrine is readily and almost completely absorbed from the GI tract and there is no evidence of first-pass metabolism.
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Hepatic.
- Elimination
Toxicity
Common adverse reactions include nervousness, restlessness, and insomnia. Rare adverse reactions include difficult/painful urination, dizziness/lightheadedness, heart palpitations, headache, increased sweating, nausea/vomiting, trembling, troubled breathing, unusual paleness, and weakness.
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
(+) threo-2-(methylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol | (+)-(1S,2S)-Pseudoephedrine | (+)-Pseudoephedrine | (+)-psi-Ephedrine | (+)-threo-Ephedrine | d-Isoephedrine | d-Pseudoephedrine | d-psi-2-Methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol | d-psi-Ephedrine | Isoephedrine | L-(+)-Pseudoephedrine | L(+)-psi-Ephedrine | Pseudoefedrina | pseudoéphédrine | Pseudoephedrine D-form | Pseudoephedrinum | Psi-ephedrin | Psi-ephedrine | trans-Ephedrine | ψ-ephedrine | Pseudoephedrine |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.