Product Information
Registration Status: ActiveSTREPSILS MAX PLUS LOZENGES is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 1996-11-07. It is marketed by RECKITT BENCKISER (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN08806P.
This product contains Amylmetacresol 1.2mg,2,4-Dichlorobenzyl Alcohol 0.6mg, and Lignocaine 10mg in the form of LOZENGE. It is approved for ORAL use.
This product is manufactured by RECKITT BENCKISER HEALTHCARE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED in UNITED KINGDOM, andRECKITT BENCKISER HEALTHCARE MANUFACTURING (THAILAND) LTD in THAILAND.
It is a Pharmacy Only Medicine that can be obtained from a pharmacist at a retail pharmacy.
Description
Amylmetacresol is an antiseptic available in Canada over-the-counter in a number of lozenges for the treatment of sore throat and minor mouth infections [L2570], [L2571]. Amylmetacresol is often combined with dichlorobenzyl alcohol and menthol in the commonly used sore throat lozenges, known as Strepsils [L2575]. The acute sore throat (pharyngitis) is one of the most common conditions for which children are seen in the primary care setting. Pharyngitis is normally caused by viruses and proves benign and self-limiting. Clinically proven, over-the-counter throat lozenges offer rapid and effective relief of acute sore throat symptoms, and are increasingly important in the management of this condition [A32787].
Indication
Sore throat, minor mouth and throat infections [L2570], [L2571], [A32773].
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of virucidal action is not fully elucidated, however it is suggested that denaturation of external protein spikes, a pH-induced rearrangement of the tertiary structure of attachment proteins, or a selective effect on viral lipid membranes/protein–lipid interaction is responsible for this action [A32778]. Amylmetacresol is an antibacterial and antiviral agent, and blocks voltage-gated Na channels in a local anesthetic-like manner [A32780].
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Rapidly absorbed and eliminated [L2574].
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Elimination
Toxicity
Oral LD50: 1500 mg/kg (rat) [MSDS] Adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions, tongue soreness [L2570]. Occasionally, hypersensitivity reactions may occur, manifested by digestive problems such as nausea or dyspepsia. This is extremely rare [L2571]. In the case of overdose, management should be symptomatic. In cases of severe overdosage, gastric lavage may be warranted to empty the stomach contents. Saline laxatives and activated charcoal may be administered orally [L2570].
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
5-methyl-2-pentylphenol | 6-amyl-m-cresol | 6-n-amyl-m-cresol | 6-n-pentyl-m-cresol | 6-pentyl-m-cresol | Amyl metacresol | amylmetacresolum | Amylmetacresol |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
Dichlorobenzyl alcohol is a mild antiseptic with a broad spectrum for bacterial and virus associated with mouth and throat infections.[A33047] Dichlorobenzyl alcohol is considered as an active ingredient found in several marketed OTC products by Health Canada which has categorized this agent as an anatomical therapeutic chemical.[L1113] On the other hand, dichlorobenzyl alcohol is categorized by the FDA in the inactive ingredient for approved drug products.[L2773]
Indication
Dichlorobenzyl alcohol in combination with [DB13908] is available in over-the-counter products used for symptomatic relief of acute sore throat and postoperative sore throat.[A27155]
Mechanism of Action
The use of dichlorobenzyl alcohol has been related to its antibacterial, antiviral and local anesthetic properties. The local anesthetic action of dichlorobenzyl alcohol is thought to be due to a reduced sodium channel blockade.[A33046] The antiseptic mechanism of action of dichlorobenzyl alcohol is not fully understood but it is thought to be related to a denaturation of external proteins and rearrangement of the tertiary structure proteins.[A32778]
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Dichlorobenzyl alcohol is released almost immediately from its formulation and reaches peak concentration after 3-4 minutes.[F72] The concentration in saliva after 120 minutes represents about 50% of the administered dose.[F73]
- Distribution
- This pharmacokinetic property has not been fully studied.
- Metabolism
- Dichlorobenzyl alcohol is metabolized in the liver to form hippuric acid.[F74]
- Elimination
Clearance
This pharmacokinetic property has not been fully studied.
Toxicity
Fertility and mutagenicity studies do not indicate any effect driven by dichlorobenzyl alcohol.[F71] Overdose studies indicate that in systemic overdose there might be a presence of a CNS transitory stimulation followed by CNS and cardiovascular. Chronic administration is not recommended as it might alter the normal microbial balance of the throat.[F73] depression In rats, the reported LD50 is of about 2.7 g/kg when administered orally.[F71]
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
2,4-dichlorobenzenemethanol | 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol | Dichlorobenzyl alcohol |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of procaine but its duration of action is shorter than that of bupivacaine or prilocaine. [PubChem]
Indication
For production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques such as percutaneous injection and intravenous regional anesthesia by peripheral nerve block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostal and by central neural techniques such as lumbar and caudal epidural blocks.
Mechanism of Action
Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses thereby effecting local anesthetic action. Lidocaine alters signal conduction in neurons by blocking the fast voltage gated sodium (Na+) channels in the neuronal cell membrane that are responsible for signal propagation. With sufficient blockage the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron will not depolarize and will thus fail to transmit an action potential. This creates the anaesthetic effect by not merely preventing pain signals from propagating to the brain but by aborting their birth in the first place.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Information derived from diverse formulations, concentrations and usages reveals that lidocaine is completely absorbed following parenteral administration, its rate of absorption depending, for example, upon various factors such as the site of administration and the presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor agent.
- Distribution
- * 0.7 to 2.7 L/kg [healthy volunteers]
- Metabolism
- Primarily hepatic.
- Elimination
Clearance
* 0.64 +/- 0.18 L/min
Toxicity
The oral LD 50 of lidocaine HCl in non-fasted female rats is 459 (346-773) mg/kg (as the salt) and 214 (159-324) mg/kg (as the salt) in fasted female rats. Symptoms of overdose include convulsions, hypoxia, acidosis, bradycardia, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
2-(Diethylamino)-2',6'-acetoxylidide | 2-(Diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide | alpha-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide | Lignocaine | α-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide | Lidocaine |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.