Product Information
Registration Status: ActiveDBL STERILE CARDIOPLEGIA CONCENTRATE is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 1988-06-16. It is marketed by HOSPIRA SINGAPORE PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN01846P.
This product contains Magnesium Chloride 16 mmol/20ml,Potassium Chloride 16 mmol/20ml, and Procaine 1 mmol/20ml in the form of INJECTION. It is approved for OTHERS use.
This product is manufactured by Hospira Australia Pty Ltd in GERMANY, andhameln pharmaceuticals GmbH in AUSTRALIA.
It is a Prescription Only Medicine that can only be obtained from a doctor or a dentist, or a pharmacist with a prescription from a Singapore-registered doctor or dentist.
Description
Magnesium chloride salts are typical ionic halides, being highly soluble in water. The hydrated magnesium chloride can be extracted from brine or sea water.
Indication
Magnesium chloride is used in several medical and topical (skin related) applications. Magnesium chloride usp, anhydrous uses as electrolyte replenisher, pharmaceutic necessity for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis fluids.
Mechanism of Action
Mechanism of action of magnesium chloride studied in 10 adult volunteers. Results suggested magnesium ion in duodenum is relatively weak stimulus to pancreas and gall bladder. It is weak stimulant to cholecystokinin release and inhibits net jejunal water absorption. The oral administration of a single 800 mg dose of magnesium chloride in healthy volunteers resulted in a diminished rate of intraluminal lipid and protein digestion. The most pronounced effect of magnesium chloride, however, was a decreased gastric emptying rate of both test meals. After correction for gastric emptying, no differences were noted in intraluminal lipid or protein digestion. Therefore, the lower lipid levels noted after magnesium supplementation are unlikely to be the result of altered lipid assimilation. Magnesium chloride slows gastric emptying but does not influence lipid digestion.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Oral: Inversely proportional to amount ingested; 40% to 60% under controlled dietary conditions; 15% to 36% at higher doses
- Distribution
- Bone (50% to 60%); extracellular fluid (1% to 2%)
- Metabolism
- Magnesium levels are efficiently regulated by the kidneys. Magnesium also undergoes efficient enterohepatic circulation
- Elimination
Clearance
Maximum magnesium clearance is directly proportional to creatinine clearance.
Toxicity
Mouse LD50 775mg/kg (intraperitoneal) Mouse LD50 : 7600mg/kg (oral) Rat LD 50 : 8100mg/kg (oral) Rat LD50 176mg/kg (intravenous) Severe toxicity occurs most often after intravenous infusions. It can also occur after chronic excessive oral doses, often in patients with renal insufficiency. Early manifestations are lethargy, hyporeflexia, followed by weakness, paralysis, hypotension, ECG changes (prolonged PR and QRS intervals), CNS depression, seizures, and respiratory depression. In overdose, magnesium impairs neuromuscular transmission, manifested as weakness and hyporeflexia.
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
Anhydrous magnesium chloride | Magnesium chloride anhydrous | Magnesium chloride |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
A white crystal or crystalline powder used as an electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers and explosives.
Indication
For use as an electrolyte replenisher and in the treatment of hypokalemia.
Mechanism of Action
Supplemental potassium in the form of high potassium food or potassium chloride may be able to restore normal potassium levels.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Potassium is a normal dietary constituent and under steady-state conditions the amount of potassium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine.
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Elimination
Toxicity
The administration of oral potassium salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for potassium rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired, of if potassium is administered too rapidly intravenously, potentially fatal hyperkalemia can result. It is important to recognize that hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic and may be manifested only by an increased serum potassium concentration (6.5-8.0 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T-waves, loss of P-wave, depression of S-T segment, and prolongation of the QT interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9-12 mEq/L).
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
[KCl] | Chlorid draselny | Chloride of potash | Kaliumchlorid | KCl | Monopotassium chloride | Muriate of potash | Sylvite | Potassium Chloride |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). Procaine has also been investigated as an oral entry inhibitor in treatment-experienced HIV patients [L1215].
Indication
Used as a local anesthetic primarily in oral surgery
Mechanism of Action
Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex.
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
2-Diethylaminoethyl p-aminobenzoate | 4-aminobenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester | Novocaine | p-Aminobenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester | Procaina | Procainum | Vitamin H3 | β-(diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate | β-(diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate | Procaine |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.