Product Information
Registration Status: ActiveSIN09286P
EPSITRON 25 TABLET 25mg is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 1997-03-04. It is marketed by GOLDPLUS UNIVERSAL PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN09286P.
This product contains Captopril 25mg in the form of TABLET. It is approved for ORAL use.
This product is manufactured by REMEDICA LTD in CYPRUS.
It is a Prescription Only Medicine that can only be obtained from a doctor or a dentist, or a pharmacist with a prescription from a Singapore-registered doctor or dentist.
Product Reference
Important Note: For generic product, the SPC/PIL provided may not be brand specific.
{{/items}} {{^items}}Description
Captopril is a potent, competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Captopril may be used in the treatment of hypertension.
Indication
For the treatment of essential or renovascular hypertension (usually administered with other drugs, particularly thiazide diuretics). May be used to treat congestive heart failure in combination with other drugs (e.g. cardiac glycosides, diuretics, β-adrenergic blockers). May improve survival in patients with left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction. May be used to treat nephropathy, including diabetic nephropathy.
Mechanism of Action
There are two isoforms of ACE: the somatic isoform, which exists as a glycoprotein comprised of a single polypeptide chain of 1277; and the testicular isoform, which has a lower molecular mass and is thought to play a role in sperm maturation and binding of sperm to the oviduct epithelium. Somatic ACE has two functionally active domains, N and C, which arise from tandem gene duplication. Although the two domains have high sequence similarity, they play distinct physiological roles. The C-domain is predominantly involved in blood pressure regulation while the N-domain plays a role in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and proliferation. ACE inhibitors bind to and inhibit the activity of both domains, but have much greater affinity for and inhibitory activity against the C-domain. Captopril, one of the few ACE inhibitors that is not a prodrug, competes with ATI for binding to ACE and inhibits and enzymatic proteolysis of ATI to ATII. Decreasing ATII levels in the body decreases blood pressure by inhibiting the pressor effects of ATII as described in the Pharmacology section above. Captopril also causes an increase in plasma renin activity likely due to a loss of feedback inhibition mediated by ATII on the release of renin and/or stimulation of reflex mechanisms via baroreceptors. Captopril’s affinity for ACE is approximately 30,000 times greater than that of ATI.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- 60-75% in fasting individuals; food decreases absorption by 25-40% (some evidence indicates that this is not clinically significant)
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Hepatic. Major metabolites are captopril-cysteine disulfide and the disulfide dimer of captopril. Metabolites may undergo reversible interconversion.
- Elimination
Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include emesis and decreased blood pressure. Side effects include dose-dependent rash (usually maculopapular), taste alterations, hypotension, gastric irritation, cough, and angioedema.
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-Methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | Acepress | Apopril | Captolane | Captoprilum | Captopryl | Captoril | Cesplon | CP | D-2-Methyl-3-mercaptopropanoyl-L-proline | D-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-L-proline | Dilabar | Garranil | Hypertil | L-Captopril | Lopirin | Tenosbon | Tensobon | Tensoprel | Captopril |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.