NESINA TABLET 25mg

Product Information

Registration Status: Active

NESINA TABLET 25mg is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 2015-07-16. It is marketed by TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS (ASIA PACIFIC) PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN14814P.

This product contains Alogliptin 25MG in the form of TABLET, FILM-COATED. It is approved for ORAL use.

This product is manufactured by Takeda Ireland Ltd. in TAIWAN, andAupa Biopharm Co. Ltd. (Primary and Secondary Packager) in IRELAND.

It is a Prescription Only Medicine that can only be obtained from a doctor or a dentist, or a pharmacist with a prescription from a Singapore-registered doctor or dentist.

Alogliptin

Description

Alogliptin is a selective, orally-bioavailable inhibitor of enzymatic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Chemically, alogliptin is prepared as a benzoate salt and exists predominantly as the R-enantiomer (>99%). It undergoes little or no chiral conversion in vivo to the (S)-enantiomer. FDA approved January 25, 2013.

Indication

Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Mechanism of Action

Alogliptin inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which normally degrades the incretins glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon like peptide 1 ( GLP-1). The inhibition of DPP-4 increases the amount of active plasma incretins which helps with glycemic control. GIP and GLP-1 stimulate glucose dependent secretion of insulin in pancreatic beta cells. GLP-1 has the additional effects of suppressing glucose dependent glucagon secretion, inducing satiety, reducing food intake, and reducing gastric emptying.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption
The pharmacokinetics of NESINA was also shown to be similar in healthy subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes. When single, oral doses up to 800 mg in healthy subjects and type 2 diabetes patients are given, the peak plasma alogliptin concentration (median Tmax) occurred 1 to 2 hours after dosing. Accumulation of aloglipin is minimal. The absolute bioavailability of NESINA is approximately 100%. Food does not affect the absorption of alogliptin.
Distribution
Following a single, 12.5 mg intravenous infusion of alogliptin to healthy subjects, the volume of distribution during the terminal phase was 417 L, indicating that the drug is well distributed into tissues.
Metabolism
Alogliptin does not undergo extensive metabolism. Two minor metabolites that were detected are N-demethylated alogliptin (<1% of parent compound) and N-acetylated alogliptin (<6% of parent compound). The N-demethylated metabolite is active and an inhibitor of DPP-4. The N-acetylated metabolite is inactive. Cytochrome enzymes that are involved with the metabolism of alogliptin are CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 but the extent to which this occurs is minimal. Approximately 10-20% of the dose is hepatically metabolized by cytochrome enzymes.
Elimination

Clearance

Renal clearance = 9.6 L/h (this value indicates some active renal tubular secretion); Systemic clearance = 14.0 L/h.

Toxicity

Common adverse reactions (reported in ≥4% of patients treated with alogliptin 25 mg and more frequently than in patients who received placebo) are: nasopharyngitis, headache, and upper respiratory tract infection.

Active Ingredient/Synonyms

Alogliptina | Alogliptine | Alogliptinum | SYR-322 | Alogliptin |


Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.

References

  1. Health Science Authority of Singapore - Reclassified POM
  2. Drugbank