NOVORAPID PENFILL INJECTION 100 U/ML FOR INTRAVENOUS, SUBCUTANEOUS USE

Product Information

Registration Status: Active

NOVORAPID PENFILL INJECTION 100 U/ML is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 2000-12-09. It is marketed by NOVO NORDISK PHARMA (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN11394P.

This product contains Insulin Aspart 100 u/ml in the form of INJECTION. It is approved for INTRAVENOUS, SUBCUTANEOUS use.

This product is manufactured by Novo Nordisk A/S in UNITED STATES,Novo Nordisk A/S in FRANCE,Novo Nordisk Production SAS in DENMARK, andNovo Nordisk A/S in BRAZIL.

It is a Prescription Only Medicine that can only be obtained from a doctor or a dentist, or a pharmacist with a prescription from a Singapore-registered doctor or dentist.

Description

Insulin aspart is a recombinant, biosynthetic, fast-acting insulin analogue. It has a single amino acid substitution at position B28 where proline is replaced with aspartic acid. This substitution decreases its propensity to form hexamers and gives it a higher rate of absorption following subcutaneous administration compared to native insulin. Insulin aspart is produced in a genetically modified strain of _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_ and harvested from a bioreactor.

Indication

For the treatment of Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Should normally be used in conjunction with an intermediate or long-acting insulin.

Mechanism of Action

Insulin aspart binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor autophosphorylates and phosphorylates numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. Activation of these proteins leads to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC), both of which play critical roles in metabolism and catabolism. In humans, insulin is stored in the form of hexamers; however, only insulin monomers are able to interact with IR. Substitution of the proline residue at B28 with aspartic acid reduces the tendency to form hexamers and results in a faster rate of absorption and onset of action and shorter duration of action.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Rapidly absorbed following subcutaneous administration (more so than regular human insulin). Furthermore, insulin aspart has a faster absorption, a faster onset of action, and a shorter duration of action than regular human insulin after subcutaneous injection. It takes 40 - 50 minutes to reach maximum concentration. When a dose of 0.15 U/kg body weight was injected in type 1 diabetes patients, the mean maximum concentration (Cmax) was 82 mU/L. The site of injection has no impact on extent or speed of absorption.
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

Clearance

* 1.2 L/h/kg [healthy Caucasian male], excreted in the urine

Toxicity

Inappropriately high dosages relative to food intake and/or energy expenditure may result in severe and sometimes prolonged and life-threatening hypoglycemia. Neurogenic (autonomic) signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include trembling, palpitations, sweating, anxiety, hunger, nausea and tingling. Neuroglycopenic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include difficulty concentrating, lethargy/weakness, confusion, drowsiness, vision changes, difficulty speaking, headache, and dizziness. Mild hypoglycemia is characterized by the presence of autonomic symptoms. Moderate hypoglycemia is characterized by the presence of autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms. Individuals may become unconscious in severe cases of hypoglycemia.

Active Ingredient/Synonyms

Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3^rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.