Product Information
Registration Status: ActiveSIN07074P
SCANDONEST 2% SPECIAL INJECTION is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 1992-06-24. It is marketed by N.K. LUCK (S) PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN07074P.
This product contains Adrenaline 18mcg/1.8ml, and Mepivacaine 36mg/1.8ml in the form of INJECTION. It is approved for INTRAMUSCULAR use.
This product is manufactured by SPECIALITES SEPTODONT in FRANCE.
It is a Prescription Only Medicine that can only be obtained from a doctor or a dentist, or a pharmacist with a prescription from a Singapore-registered doctor or dentist.
Product Reference
Important Note: For generic product, the SPC/PIL provided may not be brand specific.
{{/items}} {{^items}}Description
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics. [PubChem]
Indication
Used to treat anaphylaxis and sepsis. Also one of the body's main adrenergic neurotransmitters.
Mechanism of Action
Epinephrine works via the stimulation of alpha and beta-1 adrenergic receptors, and a moderate activity at beta-2 adrenergic receptors.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Usually this vasodilator effect of the drug on the circulation predominates so that the modest rise in systolic pressure which follows slow injection or absorption is mainly the result of direct cardiac stimulation and increase in cardiac output.
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Epinephrine is rapidly inactivated in the body and is degraded by enzymes in the liver and other tissues. The larger portion of injected doses is excreted in the urine as inactivated compounds and the remainder either partly unchanged or conjugated. The drug becomes fixed in the tissues and is inactivated chiefly by enzymatic transformation to metanephrine or normetanephrine either of which is subsequently conjugated and excreted in the urine in the form of sulfates and glucuronides. Either sequence results in the formation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid which also is detectable in the urine. Main metabolic enzymes include MAO and COMT
- Elimination
Toxicity
Skin, LD50 = 62 mg/kg (rat)
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
(-)-(R)-Epinephrine | (-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol | (-)-Adrenaline | (−)-adrenaline | (R)-(-)-Adnephrine | (R)-(-)-Adrenaline | (R)-(-)-Epinephrine | (R)-(-)-Epirenamine | (R)-(−)-adrenaline | 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol | Adrenaline | Epinefrin | Epinefrina | Epinephrin | Epinephrine | Epinephrinum | L-Adrenaline | levoepinephrine | Epinephrine |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
A local anesthetic that is chemically related to bupivacaine but pharmacologically related to lidocaine. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)
Indication
For production of local or regional analgesia and anesthesia by local infiltration, peripheral nerve block techniques, and central neural techniques including epidural and caudal blocks.
Mechanism of Action
Local anesthetics block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. Clinically, the order of loss of nerve function is as follows: pain, temperature, touch, proprioception, and skeletal muscle tone.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Absorbed locally. The rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetics is dependent upon the total dose and concentration of drug administered, the route of administration, the vascularity of the administration site, and the presence or absence of epinephrine in the anesthetic solution.
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Rapidly metabolized, with only a small percentage of the anesthetic (5 percent to 10 percent) being excreted unchanged in the urine. The liver is the principal site of metabolism, with over 50% of the administered dose being excreted into the bile as metabolites.
- Elimination
Toxicity
The mean seizure dosage of mepivacaine in rhesus monkeys was found to be 18.8 mg/kg with mean arterial plasma concentration of 24.4 µg/mL. The intravenous and subcutaneous LD 50 in mice is 23 mg/kg to 35 mg/kg and 280 mg/kg respectively.
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
(+-)-1-Methyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidide | 1-methyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidide | DL-Mepivacaine | Mepivacaina | Mepivacainum | N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-1-methyl-2-piperidinecarboxamide | N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-1-methylpiperidine-2-carboxamide | Mepivacaine |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.