Product Information
Registration Status: ActiveYAZ FILM-COATED TABLET is approved to be sold in Singapore with effective from 2008-12-15. It is marketed by BAYER (SOUTH EAST ASIA) PTE LTD, with the registration number of SIN13584P.
This product contains Drospirenone 3mg, and Ethinylestradiol 0.020mg in the form of TABLET, FILM-COATED. It is approved for ORAL use.
This product is manufactured by BAYER WEIMAR GMBH UND CO. KG in GERMANY.
It is a Prescription Only Medicine that can only be obtained from a doctor or a dentist, or a pharmacist with a prescription from a Singapore-registered doctor or dentist.
Description
Drospirenone is a synthetic progestin that is an analog to spironolactone. It is found in a number of birth control formulations. Drospirenone differs from other synthetic progestins in that its pharmacological profile in preclinical studies shows it to be closer to the natural progesterone. As such it has anti-mineralocorticoid properties, counteracts the estrogen-stimulated activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and is not androgenic. It was shown in animal studies that drospirenone exhibits antiandrogenic activity judging from accessory sex gland growth in castrated, androgen-treated, juvenile rats.
Indication
For the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect an oral contraceptive.
Mechanism of Action
Progestins such as drospirenone diffuse freely into target cells in the female reproductive tract, mammary gland, hypothalamus, and the pituitary and bind to the progesterone receptor. Once bound to the receptor, progestins slow the frequency of release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and blunt the pre-ovulatory LH surge.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Oral bioavailability is approximately 76%.
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Extensively metabolized following oral or intravenous administration. The two major metabolites are inactive and are formed independent of the CYP450 enzyme system. The metabolites are the acid form of drospirenone formed by opening of the lactone ring and the 4,5-dihydro-drospirenone-3-sulfate.
- Elimination
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
1,2-Dihydrospirorenone | 6beta,7Beta;15beta,16beta-dimethylene-3-oxo-17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone | 6β,7β,15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17 carbolactone | Dehydrospirorenone | Drospirenona | Drospirenonum | DRSP | Drospirenone |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.
Description
A semisynthetic alkylated estradiol with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally and is often used as the estrogenic component in oral contraceptives. Ethinyl estradiol is marketed mostly as a combination oral contraceptive under several brand names such as Alesse, Tri-Cyclen, Triphasil, and Yasmin. The FDA label includes a black box warning that states that combination oral contraceptives should not be used in women over 35 years old who smoke due to the increased risk of serious cardiovascular side effects.
Indication
For treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with the menopause, female hypogonadism, prostatic carcinoma-palliative therapy of advanced disease, breast cancer, as an oral contraceptive, and as emergency contraceptive.
Mechanism of Action
Estrogens diffuse into their target cells and interact with a protein receptor. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. This cascade is initiated by initially binding to the estrogen receptors. The combination of an estrogen with a progestin suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary system, decreasing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Rapid and complete absorption follows oral intake of ethinyl estradiol (bioavailability 43%).
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Hepatic. Quantitatively, the major metabolic pathway for ethinyl estradiol, both in rats and in humans, is aromatic hydroxylation, as it is for the natural estrogens.
- Elimination
Toxicity
Oral, mouse LD50: 1737 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include nausea and vomiting, and withdrawal bleeding may occur in females. The FDA label includes a black box warning that states that combination oral contraceptives with ethinyl estradiol should not be used in women over 35 years old who smoke due to the increased risk of serious cardiovascular side effects.
Active Ingredient/Synonyms
17-ethinyl-3,17-estradiol | 17-ethinyl-3,17-oestradiol | 17-ethinylestradiol | 17alpha-Ethinyl estradiol | 17α-ethynylestradiol | Ethinylestradiol | Ethinylestradiolum | Ethinyloestradiol | Ethynyl estradiol | Etinilestradiol | Ethinyl Estradiol |
Source of information: Drugbank (External Link). Last updated on: 3rd July 18. *Trade Name used in the content below may not be the same as the HSA-registered product.